Ко треба да прегледа кран? (ОСХА & Индустријски стандарди)

Crane safety starts with proper inspections—and knowing who is qualified to perform them. Using untrained staff to inspect cranes leads to safety risks, compliance violations, downtime, and costly fines. У овом водичу, we break down exactly who can inspect a crane, per OSHA, АСМЕ, and industry best practices.

Key Definitions: Competent Person vs. Qualified Person

The two most important terms for crane inspections are Competent Person and Qualified Person. These are not interchangeable.

Competent Person

• ◆ Identifies existing and predictable hazards
• ◆ Has authorization to take immediate corrective action
• ◆ Trained on crane systems, pre-use checks, and basic defect recognition
• ◆ Handles daily, shift, and monthly frequent inspections

Qualified Person

• ◆ Possesses specialized training, сертификација, or extensive professional experience
• ◆ Understands crane engineering, structural integrity, and applicable codes (ОСХА 1926, ASME B30 series)
• ◆ Performs detailed, annual, and post-assembly inspections
• ◆ May hold third‑party certifications (NCCCO, CICB, итд.)

Who Inspects a Crane, by Inspection Type

Different crane inspections require different levels of qualification. Below is the clear breakdown.

1. Pre‑Use / Shift Inspection

Who: Certified crane operator or designated Competent Person

What: Visual check of hooks, ropes, контроле, кочнице, and safety devices

Why: Required before every shift to catch obvious issues early

2. Monthly / Честа инспекција

Who: Trained Competent Person (maintenance tech, supervisor, or operator)

What: More thorough visual and functional checks

Recordkeeping: Maintain records for at least 3 месеци (OSHA requirement)

3. Годишњи / Comprehensive Inspection

Who: Qualified Person (certified inspector or third‑party specialist)

What: Full structural, mechanical, and electrical inspection

Recordkeeping: Keep records for a minimum of 12 месеци

4. Post‑Assembly / Modified Crane Inspection

Who: Qualified Person

When: After assembly, поправити, modification, or major service

Why: Ensures the crane is safe to operate before use

Who Can Be a Qualified Crane Inspector?

A Qualified Person for crane inspections typically includes:

• ◆ Certified crane inspectors (NCCCO Mobile, Tower, Articulating Crane Inspector)
• ◆ Factory‑trained technicians from crane manufacturers
• ◆ Third‑party inspection companies with accredited staff
• ◆ In‑house engineers or senior maintenance personnel with formal training and certification

Many businesses use third‑party inspectors for annual compliance to avoid conflicts of interest and ensure objectivity.

Why You Must Use Qualified Inspectors

• 1. OSHA Compliance: Avoid fines and citations under 29 ЦФР 1926 Subpart CC
• 2. Workplace Safety: Reduce risk of collapse, dropped loads, and injury
• 3. Liability Protection: Proper inspections and documentation limit legal risk
• 4. Equipment Longevity: Early defect detection extends crane life and lowers repair costs

How to Choose a Reliable Crane Inspector

• 1. Verify training and certification (NCCCO or equivalent)
• 2. Confirm experience with your crane type (мобилни, надземне, торањ, gantry)
• 3. Check knowledge of OSHA and ASME standards
• 4. Ensure they provide detailed, signed inspection reports
• 5. For annual inspections, use independent third‑party inspectors when possible

Закључак

Only Competent Persons should perform daily and monthly crane inspections. Qualified Persons must handle annual, post‑assembly, and detailed inspections. Using properly trained, certified inspectors keeps your site safe, сагласан, and productive.

Never let untrained personnel inspect cranes. Када сте у недоумици, use a certified third‑party inspector to meet OSHA and insurance requirements.