What are the different types of cranes?

Cranes are the workhorses of modern industry, essential for lifting, در حال حرکت, and positioning heavy loads with precision and efficiency. From manufacturing floors to bustling ports and massive construction sites, different types of cranes are designed for specific tasks and environments. Understanding these variations is key to selecting the right equipment for the job. This guide explores the main types of industrial and logistical cranes, their unique features, and their primary applications.

What are the different types of cranes?

Overhead Cranes (Bridge Cranes)

Overhead cranes are ubiquitous in factories, انبارها, and workshops. They consist of a hoist that moves along a horizontal beam (پل), which itself moves on elevated runways along the building’s length.

جرثقیل سقفی تک تیر

• جرثقیل سقفی تک تیر: Features a single bridge beam. They are cost-effective, lighter, and require less headroom. Ideal for lighter loads (up to ~20 tons) and applications with lower duty cycles.
  • کاربرد: Machine shops, خطوط مونتاژ, مناطق ذخیره سازی.

جرثقیل سقفی دو تیر

• جرثقیل سقفی دو تیر: Utilizes two bridge beams for superior strength and stability. They can handle much heavier loads (اغلب تمام می شود 20 tons and up to several hundred tons), accommodate auxiliary hoists, and provide better hook height.
  • کاربرد: کارخانه های فولاد, heavy fabrication facilities, نیروگاه ها, paper mills.

جرثقیل های گانی

Gantry cranes are similar to overhead cranes but are supported by freestanding legs that move on wheels or rails along the ground, eliminating the need for a building’s roof structure. They are highly versatile for both indoor and outdoor use.

Rubber-Tired Gantry (RTG) جرثقیل

• Rubber-Tired Gantry (RTG) جرثقیل: A mobile gantry crane used primarily in container terminals. It runs on rubber tires, making it highly flexible for stacking containers in yard operations.

  • کاربرد: Container yard stacking and handling.

Rail-Mounted Gantry (RMG) جرثقیل

• Rail-Mounted Gantry (RMG) جرثقیل: Similar to an RTG but runs on fixed rail tracks. This allows for more precise positioning, higher stacking capabilities, and is better suited for automated operations.

  • کاربرد: High-density, organized container storage yards, often in intermodal terminals.

Port Cranes (Marine & کانتینر)

These are heavy-duty giants designed specifically for the rapid loading and unloading of ships.

Ship-to-Shore (یدک) جرثقیل

• Ship-to-Shore (یدک) جرثقیل / Container Gantry Crane: These are the iconic, colossal cranes seen at container terminals. They straddle a ship at berth, moving containers directly between the vessel and the quay. They are essential for modern containerized shipping.

  • کاربرد: Loading and unloading container ships at port terminals.

Container Gantry Crane

• Mobile Harbor Crane: A versatile, wheeled or rail-mounted crane that can perform multiple tasks, including handling containers, bulk materials, and general cargo. It offers great flexibility for multi-purpose ports.

  • کاربرد: General cargo ports, bulk terminals, and smaller container facilities.

Portal / جرثقیل های گانی (in heavy lifting)

Often referred to as “Goliath” cranes, these are heavy-duty, large-capacity gantry cranes used for massive lifts.

• شرح: They feature a fixed or movable structure with one or two beams supported by large, rigid legs on rails. They are engineered for extreme loads.
  • کاربرد: کشتی سازی (lifting ship sections), heavy industry (lifting reactors, turbines), large-scale construction projects (bridge segment installation).

سوالات متداول: Types of Cranes

Q1: What is the most common type of crane inside a factory?

الف: The Overhead Bridge Crane is the most common, with single girder cranes for lighter work and double girder cranes for heavy manufacturing.

Q2: What’s the main difference between an RTG and an RMG?

الف: RTG ها (Rubber-Tired Gantry) are mobile and flexible, moving freely in a yard. RMGs (Rail-Mounted Gantry) run on fixed tracks, offering greater precision, stability for higher stacking, and are easier to automate.

Q3: Which crane is specifically designed for unloading container ships?

الف: The Ship-to-Shore (یدک) Container Gantry Crane is specifically engineered for this high-speed, high-capacity task.

Q4: What type of crane would be used to build a large ship?

الف: Massive Portal/Gantry Cranes (often called Goliath or shipbuilding gantries) are used to lift and position large prefabricated sections of a ship’s hull and superstructure.

Q5: How do I choose the right type of crane?

الف: عوامل کلیدی عبارتند از: Weight and size of loads, required span and lifting height, duty cycle (frequency of use), available space (indoor/outdoor), mobility needs, and budget. Consulting with a crane specialist is always recommended.

پایان

From the precision of a workshop’s overhead crane to the raw power of a port’s STS crane, each type of crane plays a vital role in global industry and infrastructure. Selecting the correct crane—whether it’s a versatile gantry, a specialized container handler, or a heavy-lift portal crane—is fundamental to achieving safety, بهره وری, and productivity in any material handling operation.