Узел блока крючка на верхнем кране

Сборка блока крючка на верхнем кране является фундаментальной, robust component responsible for the safe, эффективный, and controlled lifting, опускание, and suspension of loads on overhead traveling cranes (EOT cranes), Гарновые краны, and monorails. It serves as the crucial link between the crane’s hoisting mechanism (wire rope or chain) and the load itself. Engineered for demanding industrial environments, its design directly impacts lifting capacity, safety, and operational smoothness.

Overhead Crane Hook Block Assembly – Technical Parameters

Параметр	Спецификации
Safe Working Load (SWL)	1t ~ 500t (Standard Range) • Custom capacities available
Тип крючка	Forged Alloy Steel (Grade 80/100/120) • Swivel/Fixed • Safety Latch (Стандартный)
Sheave Configuration	Single/Double/Triple/Quad/6-Sheave • Up to 12-sheave custom designs
Sheave Material	High-Tensile Cast Steel (ZG270-500) • Precision-machined grooves • Hardened surface
Reeving Type	Single Reeved • Double Reeved • Equalized (for multi-rope systems)
Rope Diameter	6mm ~ 60mm (Compatible with DIN 3052, Iso 2408, ASME B30.30)
Bearing Type	Sheaves: Spherical Roller Bearings (Self-aligning) • Hook Swivel: Tapered Roller Bearings
Rotation	Swivel Hook: 360° rotation under load • Fixed Hook: Non-rotating
Защелка безопасности	Spring-Loaded (Стандартный) • Gravity-Type • Positive Locking (Optional)
Block Housing	Fabricated Steel Plate (Q235B/Q345B) or Cast Steel (ZG230-450) • Powder-coated
Temperature Range	-25°C to +150°C • Special alloys available for extreme temps (-40°C to +350°C)
Compliance Standards	ASME B30.10 • FEM 9.511 • DIN 15401-15404 • ISO 4301/7597 • CMAA 74/70
Markings	Laser-etched SWL • Manufacturer ID • Serial Number • WLL at designated angles
Optional Features	• Auxiliary hook (20%-33% SWL) • Corrosion-resistant coating (Galvanized/Stainless) • RFID tags for maintenance • Wear indicators on sheaves
Inspection Interval	Initial: Pre-use • Periodic: Every 6-12 months (per ASME B30.10)

Critical Notes:

• 1. SWL is valid only when load is centered – Angular lifts reduce capacity.
• 2. Rope/Sheave Ratio: Minimum sheave diameter ≥ 18× rope diameter (FEM standard).
• 3. Never modify/weld hooks – Replace damaged components immediately.
• 4. Latch is mandatory – Ensure it engages before lifting.

For custom configurations (НАПРИМЕР., explosion-proof, high-speed lifts), consult engineering team.

Key Components & Construction

• 1. Крюк: The primary load-bearing element, forged from high-tensile alloy steel (typically Grade 80, 100, or higher). Available in various configurations:

  • Поворотные крючки: Rotates 360° on bearings, preventing load-induced rope twist. Essential for most applications.

  • Fixed (Non-Swivel) Крюк: Rigidly mounted, used where rotation control is needed.

  • Защелка безопасности: A spring-loaded or gravity-operated latch that prevents slings or chains from accidentally disengaging from the hook throat. Mandatory for most safety standards.

• 2. Sheave(s) (Pulleys): Precision-machined, hardened steel wheels grooved to guide and support the hoist wire rope. Mounted on high-capacity bearings for smooth rotation with minimal friction. The number of sheaves determines the mechanical advantage (reeving).

  • Single Sheave Block: Simple design for lighter loads or direct lifts.
  • *Multi-Sheave Block (2, 3, 4, 6, or more sheaves):* Provides significant mechanical advantage, allowing smaller, more economical hoist motors to lift heavier loads or reducing rope pull force.

• 3. Hook Block / Housing: The central structural frame, usually fabricated from heavy-duty steel plates or cast steel. It:

  • Securely holds the sheave(s) via robust pins or axles.

  • Houses the hook suspension (swivel bearing or trunnion mount).

  • Provides attachment points for the hoist rope(s) and the balancing equalizer (if used).

  • Protects internal components from impact and environmental factors.

• 4. Bearings: Critical for performance and longevity:

  • Sheave Bearings: Large-diameter roller bearings (often spherical roller bearings) handle high radial loads and slight misalignment.

  • Swivel Hook Bearings: Thrust bearings combined with radial bearings allow smooth hook rotation under full load.

• 5. Lifting Lugs / Equalizer Connection: Points on the block housing where the hoist rope(s) terminate or where an equalizer beam connects to distribute load evenly across multiple rope falls.

• 6. Rope Guards / Side Plates: Protect the sheaves and rope from external damage and prevent rope jump-off. Often incorporate wear plates in high-abrasion areas.

Types of Hook Block Assemblies

• Single Reeved Hook Block: One rope fall entering and leaving the block (single sheave or multi-sheave where rope starts and ends on the hoist drum). Simplest setup.

• Double Reeved Hook Block: The rope end is anchored on the block itself, creating two supporting rope parts. Requires fewer sheaves than single reeving for the same mechanical advantage, often resulting in a more compact block.

• Rotating (Поворот) Hook Block: Features a hook mounted on a rotating bearing assembly.

• Non-Rotating (Fixed) Hook Block: Hook is rigidly attached to the block housing.

• Balanced (Equalized) Hook Blocks: Used with multiple hoist ropes (НАПРИМЕР., 2/1, 3/1, 4/1 reeving). Employ an equalizer beam above the hook block to ensure even load distribution across all ropes, critical for stability and preventing uneven wear. The hook block itself connects to the equalizer.

Essential Features & Преимущества

• High Load Capacity: Rated for specific Safe Working Loads (SWL) clearly marked on the block. Manufactured to rigorous standards (ОТ 15401/15402, Женский, ASME B30.10, Iso).

• Robust Construction: Forged hooks, hardened sheaves, heavy-duty housing, and premium bearings ensure durability and long service life in harsh industrial settings.

• Safety Critical: Integral safety latch, overload prevention (when part of a system), and strict adherence to design and manufacturing standards minimize accident risk.

• Smooth Operation: Precision bearings ensure low-friction rotation of sheaves and hooks, reducing wear on ropes and improving control.

• Reduced Rope Wear: Properly aligned, hardened sheaves with correct groove profiles minimize abrasion on the hoist rope, extending rope life.

• Versatility: Available in countless configurations (SWL, number of sheaves, hook type, reeving type) to suit virtually any overhead lifting application.

• Rotation Control: Swivel hooks prevent dangerous load spinning; fixed hooks offer precise positioning.

• Low Maintenance Design: Sealed or greasable bearings and robust construction minimize downtime.

Overhead Crane Hook Block Assembly Typical Applications

• 1. Manufacturing Plants (Automotive, Steel, Machinery)

• 2. Warehousing & Distribution Centers

• 3. Foundries & Forging Shops

• 4. Power Plants & Utilities

• 5. Shipyards & Dry Docks

• 6. Construction Sites (with gantry cranes)

• 7. Mining & Bulk Material Handling

• 8. Scrapyards & Recycling Facilities

The Overhead Crane Hook Block Assembly is far more than just a hook; it’s a sophisticated, safety-critical engineered system. Selecting the correct type, size, and configuration, manufactured to the highest standards and rigorously maintained, is paramount for safe, reliable, and efficient overhead lifting operations. It is the indispensable workhorse interface that transforms crane power into controlled load movement. Always consult crane and block manufacturers for precise selection, installation, inspection, and maintenance procedures.