What is a ship to shore (STS) crane?

In the modern shipping industry, efficient loading and unloading of containers is critical to maintaining global trade. At the heart of this process stands one of the most important pieces of port equipment—the Ship to Shore (STS) crane. But what exactly is a ship to shore crane, and why is it so essential in maritime logistics?

For the parameter specifications of ship-to-shore (STS) container crane, please click to view: Ship To Shore (STS) Container Crane

Definition of a Ship to Shore Crane

A Ship to Shore crane, often abbreviated as STS crane, is a type of large dockside gantry crane specifically designed to load and unload containers from container ships. These cranes are fixed on the quay of a port and span the vessel to move containers between the ship’s hold and the dockside container yard.

They are sometimes referred to as quay cranes or container cranes. Their towering frames and long outreach arms allow them to handle even the largest container ships in operation today.

Structure and Design

The typical STS crane consists of:

• 1. Gantry Structure – A tall steel frame mounted on rails along the quay for horizontal movement.

• 2. Boom – The projecting arm that extends over the ship to reach containers.

• 3. Trolley – Moves along the boom, carrying the spreader that locks onto containers.

• 4. Spreader – A device that grips containers by their four corner castings for secure lifting.

• 5. Lifting Mechanism – Powered by heavy-duty hoisting machinery for raising and lowering containers.

Key Features of STS Cranes

• 1. High Lifting Capacity – Designed to lift containers weighing up to 65 toneladas (single lift) or even more in tandem operations.

• 2. Extended Outreach – Capable of reaching across wide container vessels with over 20 rows of containers.

• 3. Precision Control – Equipped with computerized systems for accurate container handling.

• 4. Durability – Built to withstand harsh marine environments and continuous heavy-duty use.

• 5. Automation Options – Modern STS cranes can be semi-automated or fully automated to increase efficiency.

Ship To Shore Container Crane Structure diagram

Types of Ship to Shore Cranes

Panamax STS Crane

• Designed to handle ships that fit through the original Panama Canal locks.

• Typically handles vessels with up to 13 container rows across.

• Moderate outreach and lifting height.

Post-Panamax STS Crane

• Built for ships too wide to pass through the original Panama Canal.

• Can handle vessels with about 18 container rows across.

• Greater outreach and taller structure compared to Panamax cranes.

Super-Post-Panamax STS Crane

• The largest category of STS cranes.

• Designed for the world’s biggest container ships, with 22–24 rows or more.

• Features ultra-long outreach, very high lifting height, and heavier load capacity.

Ultra-Large STS Crane (Next Generation)

• Latest development for mega-ships exceeding 24 container rows.

• Equipped with advanced automation, twin-lift or tandem-lift spreaders.

• Capable of handling 65–100 tons or more in a single lift.

Applications in Ports

Ship to shore cranes are indispensable in:

• 1. Container Terminals – For loading and unloading shipping containers.

• 2. Global Trade Hubs – Major ports worldwide rely on STS cranes to keep cargo flowing.

• 3. Logistics Chains – Efficient crane operation directly impacts turnaround time for vessels and port productivity.

Why Are They Important?

Without STS cranes, the speed and efficiency of modern shipping would collapse. These cranes enable ports to handle thousands of containers daily, reducing waiting time for vessels and ensuring goods move swiftly through the supply chain.

A Ship to Shore crane is more than just a piece of equipment—it is the backbone of international containerized trade. With advancements in technology, these cranes are becoming faster, smarter, and safer, continuing to drive the efficiency of global logistics.