What are the different types of cranes?

Cranes are the workhorses of modern industry, essential for lifting, 움직이는, and positioning heavy loads with precision and efficiency. From manufacturing floors to bustling ports and massive construction sites, different types of cranes are designed for specific tasks and environments. Understanding these variations is key to selecting the right equipment for the job. This guide explores the main types of industrial and logistical cranes, their unique features, and their primary applications.

What are the different types of cranes?

오버 헤드 크레인 (Bridge Cranes)

Overhead cranes are ubiquitous in factories, 창고, 그리고 워크샵. They consist of a hoist that moves along a horizontal beam (the bridge), which itself moves on elevated runways along the building’s length.

단일 대들보 오버헤드 크레인

• 단일 대들보 오버헤드 크레인: Features a single bridge beam. They are cost-effective, lighter, and require less headroom. 가벼운 하중에 이상적입니다 (up to ~20 tons) and applications with lower duty cycles.
  • 애플리케이션: Machine shops, 조립 라인, storage areas.

이중 대들보 오버헤드 크레인

• 이중 대들보 오버헤드 크레인: Utilizes two bridge beams for superior strength and stability. They can handle much heavier loads (often over 20 tons and up to several hundred tons), accommodate auxiliary hoists, and provide better hook height.
  • 애플리케이션: 제철소, heavy fabrication facilities, 발전소, paper mills.

갠트리 크레인

Gantry cranes are similar to overhead cranes but are supported by freestanding legs that move on wheels or rails along the ground, eliminating the need for a building’s roof structure. They are highly versatile for both indoor and outdoor use.

Rubber-Tired Gantry (RTG) 기중기

• Rubber-Tired Gantry (RTG) 기중기: A mobile gantry crane used primarily in container terminals. It runs on rubber tires, making it highly flexible for stacking containers in yard operations.

  • 애플리케이션: Container yard stacking and handling.

Rail-Mounted Gantry (RMG) 기중기

• Rail-Mounted Gantry (RMG) 기중기: Similar to an RTG but runs on fixed rail tracks. This allows for more precise positioning, higher stacking capabilities, and is better suited for automated operations.

  • 애플리케이션: High-density, organized container storage yards, often in intermodal terminals.

Port Cranes (선박 & 컨테이너 처리)

These are heavy-duty giants designed specifically for the rapid loading and unloading of ships.

선박에서 해안으로 (STS) 기중기

• 선박에서 해안으로 (STS) 기중기 / 컨테이너 갠트리 크레인: These are the iconic, colossal cranes seen at container terminals. They straddle a ship at berth, moving containers directly between the vessel and the quay. They are essential for modern containerized shipping.

  • 애플리케이션: Loading and unloading container ships at port terminals.

컨테이너 갠트리 크레인

• Mobile Harbor Crane: A versatile, wheeled or rail-mounted crane that can perform multiple tasks, including handling containers, bulk materials, and general cargo. It offers great flexibility for multi-purpose ports.

  • 애플리케이션: General cargo ports, bulk terminals, and smaller container facilities.

Portal / 갠트리 크레인 (in heavy lifting)

Often referred to as “Goliath” cranes, these are heavy-duty, large-capacity gantry cranes used for massive lifts.

• 설명: They feature a fixed or movable structure with one or two beams supported by large, rigid legs on rails. They are engineered for extreme loads.
  • 애플리케이션: 조선 (lifting ship sections), 중공업 (lifting reactors, 터빈), large-scale construction projects (bridge segment installation).

FAQ: Types of Cranes

Q1: What is the most common type of crane inside a factory?

에이: The Overhead Bridge Crane is the most common, with single girder cranes for lighter work and double girder cranes for heavy manufacturing.

Q2: What’s the main difference between an RTG and an RMG?

에이: RTGs (Rubber-Tired Gantry) are mobile and flexible, moving freely in a yard. RMGs (Rail-Mounted Gantry) run on fixed tracks, offering greater precision, stability for higher stacking, and are easier to automate.

Q3: Which crane is specifically designed for unloading container ships?

에이: The Ship-to-Shore (STS) Container Gantry Crane is specifically engineered for this high-speed, high-capacity task.

Q4: What type of crane would be used to build a large ship?

에이: Massive Portal/Gantry Cranes (often called Goliath or shipbuilding gantries) are used to lift and position large prefabricated sections of a ship’s hull and superstructure.

Q5: How do I choose the right type of crane?

에이: 주요 요인은 다음과 같습니다: Weight and size of loads, required span and lifting height, 듀티 사이클 (frequency of use), available space (indoor/outdoor), mobility needs, 그리고 예산. Consulting with a crane specialist is always recommended.

결론

From the precision of a workshop’s overhead crane to the raw power of a port’s STS crane, each type of crane plays a vital role in global industry and infrastructure. Selecting the correct crane—whether it’s a versatile gantry, a specialized container handler, or a heavy-lift portal crane—is fundamental to achieving safety, 능률, and productivity in any material handling operation.